Office Depots E

Table of Contents Office depot operating environment Office Depot’s Changing Environment Organizational changes Re-engineering the business process Conclusion Reference List Footnotes Office depot operating environment Office depot deals with sales of office furniture, computers and their software. It also gives services such as printing photocopying, mailing services and reproduction of documents. Customers of office depot range from small business enterprises to individuals not disregarding large business establishments1.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Office Depot’s E-Commerce Evolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It accomplishes its sale via more than 1000 established office stores, direct mails, B2B e-commerce, through forces of sales and internet sites. â€Å"Office depot operates under Deport ® the office place ®, Viking office products ®, Viking direct ®, and for 4sure.com brand names† (Lee 2006, 143). It started in Florida with its first branch located in Fort Lauderdale in 19862. Later years since then saw it expand even into the international markets like Israel, Columbia and Canada. It also merged with other market stationary leaders like â€Å"Wilson stationary and printing company and Eastman office Products Corporation with a consequence of their acquisition in 1994. The growth was later escalated by merging of office deport with Viking conferring it with tag of leading provider in products and services for offices after staples. The operating environment for office depot is characterized by competition in market share, product lines and technological deployment in execution of the business activities and managerial organization. Office Depot’s Changing Environment The incredible growth of office depot demanded ardent changes in the manner in which it handled its business matters. As result in 1998, â€Å"office deport began to leverage e-commerce aggressively, launching the first of number of new websites, www.officedepot.com† (Lee 2006, 143). Furthermore, in 1999 it opened its very first United Kingdom e-commerce site in Europe: www.viking-direct.co.uk3. This accomplishment saw it expand both the magnitude and range of products offered to the customers. The step-down of David Fuente as the CEO in 2000 welcomed attempts to make office depot a subtle shopping, investing and working place under the captainship of Nelson as the new CEO4. The new CEO facilitated incorporation of new mechanisms to increase the depots retail and international market share. One of such attempts was to deploy e-commerce marketing strategies immensely.  The changes to shift from the conventional marketing strategies, were no choice for office depot since its competitors both small sized and large sized had already adopted the e-commerce techniques.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we c an help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The technique provided their customers with modest of shopping under one stop for various range of products. The changes sort by the office depot were thus driven by the intension to keep at pace with competitors since the competitors changes amicably threatened to erode off the office depot’s market share. E-commerce also â€Å"was rapidly shifting the balance of powers among competitive forces in the office supplies industry† (Lee 2006, 144). Following the launch of e-commerce by one of the office depot’s competitor: office max, in 1995, office depot felt that it was being left behind in the adoption of e- commerce, something that was expected to in a blast alter the traditional marketing strategies especially the moment the customers becomes accustomed to online sales mythology. Despite the fact that office depot had a better opportunity to thrive well in the office supplies market since it de alt with standardized products, entry of small sized business such as â€Å"Opivotal.com and buy online.com† (Lee 2006, 144) which relied on e-retailing technology, â€Å" had entered or were planning to enter into office depot’s supplies market† (Lee 2006, p.12). A way out to counter the competitors attempts was warranting. Office depot wanted to achieve the goal of fighting its competitors on its own after the 1997 failure of the proposed merger between it and staples because, if the merger proposal were passed, it would have become uncompetitive with repercussions of rising market prices5. The objective of merger was to cease out small competitors such as Wal-Mart and K-Mart. Particularly office depot wanted to â€Å"make customers so satisfied with their online shopping experience that they would not bother looking elsewhere on the internet to save a few pennies (Lee 2006, 147). To achieve this goal the office depot contemplated employing B2B e- commerce an d B2C e- commerce online trading technologies. Berkman (2001) noted that office depot participated in an â€Å"experiment initiated by MIT in which a group of MIT’s suppliers would build website that MIT would make purchases from† (20). This involvement resulted to the evolution of office depot e-commerce. The first strategy was to make an introduction of â€Å"B2B e-commerce for large corporate customers† (Berkman 2001, 145) followed by introducing B2C e-commerce to cater for small business and individual customers in 1997. The selection criteria were based on the possibility of â€Å"reduction in cost of labor due to streamlined internal process and improvement of information system integration† (Lee 2006, 145). The task was not all that simple and required expertise knowhow and therefore a committee that worked closely with analysts of the industry was born.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Office Depot’s E-Commerce Evoluti on specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In as much B2B e-commerce was an opportunity that office depot could not have afforded to let loose, on the other hand the committee saw the relevance of B2C e-commerce. Lee (1998) notes that â€Å"the committee believed that the benefits of B2C e- commerce could be both strategic and operational: low order processing costs, brand recognition, business efficient and foster economies of scale† (p.146). As result, January 1998, saw office depot launch B2C e- commerce, which according to Bill Seltzer had incredible room for development due to the office depot’s possession of infrastructure and cute distribution networks. To avoid replication of the challenge encountered by predecessor in the deployment of e- commerce, office depot sorted to benchmarking its operational platform to come up with an optimal platform that offsets the challenges of its competitor’s organizational infras tructure. Organizational changes Adequate evidence unveiled that settling on misguided e-commerce organizational structure had unbearable consequences of revisions as portrayed by K-Mart’s spin-off structure and Wal-Mart’s attempts to establish an â€Å"integration of the physical store and the e-commerce entities† (Boyler and Olson 2002, 489). In the light of the need to keep off the expressive e–commerce organizational structures and its associated protocols, office depot deserved to make a change from the traditional approaches in the technology’s platform organization6. â€Å"Office deport created an online division that could leverage its internal resources to the largest extent7† (Lee 2006, 146) since according to Landau (2002) it â€Å"viewed e-commerce as a backbone of the company’s supply chain† (59). The online division had the merit of allowing the company to celebrate advantages of the strategy such as making it eas y to coordinate channels, technological resources sharing and an opportunity to exploit employment of assets deemed as complementary. This was particularly necessary considering the company’s extensive market coverage and the numerous products it handled. Re-engineering the business process Amongst the goals of office depot in 2001 was to search for mechanisms for expansion of e-commerce business. Bruce Nelson considered â€Å"investments in emerging e-commerce technologies, strategic partnerships, and business process re-engineering† (Carr 2001, para.8) as some strategies that were coherent with the company’s technological strategies, which could help it, realize the 2001 noble goal. On the other hand, Bill Selzer, considered re engineering as the company’s website as the way out to solve the problems engulfing the company in 2001. There was need to fast track changes in the company’s vast store, invoices, outstanding bills and ever-increasing vol umes of transactions among others.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Re engineering the downstream chain of supplies was challenging since, â€Å" the purchase orders received from corporate customers differed in format, requiring complicated transformations and manual intervention to convert every purchase order into formats compatible with office depot’s internal system† (Lee 2006, 147). The outcomes were amicable with a significant reduction in the transaction times, hence quickening data organization and delivery at incredibly lower costs. Conclusion Office depot depicts a company that strives to survive in an environment dominated by stiff competition. Its strategies of survival includes; merging, change and adoption of new technologies such e-commerce. It also embraces strategic alliances and re-engineering of technology, which has already been incorporated in their business as attempts to make it more competitive8. The benchmarking strategy was particularly great since it saw the company come up with a better methodology to handl e it challenges and hence overcome tests of times gone through by its competitors who used a different approach. Office depot could have improved its costs reduction strategies. One way to do this is reducing the vast number of products they handle in their sores by concentrating on the products that have high turnover and those that move fast. Consequently, substantial saving on space requirements could be achieved. The move could also help in reducing the number of traffic flowing into their e-commerce system and hence relieving the company substantially the cost of re-engineering. Reference List Berkman, Edward T. Clicklayer. CIO Magazine 3 (2001): 92-100. Boyler, Keith K., Olson, Jim R. â€Å"Drivers of the internet purchasing success.†Ã‚  Production and Operations Management 11.4 (2002): 480-498. Carr, David F. Case 007: office Depot-Making Liquid Code. Accessed from http//www.baselinemag.com Landau, Michael D. â€Å"Sweet revenge.† Chief Executive 178 (2002): 58 -62 Lee, Insten H. Cases on Electronic Commerce. Office depot’s E-Commerce evolution 2  (2006): 142-150. Footnotes 1 It is an all-round body that accommodates all classes of business people, both large and small 2 Since 1986, the office depot has grown significantly based on the changes that have taken place in the management, skilled man-power as well as the onset of technology 3 This qualifies as the implementation which contributed the most concerning the growth of the office depot 4 The removal of the former CEO, though highly resisted, marked the dawn of a new era in the world of the office depot 5 The issue of merger has been proposed by many governments as well as organizations as a solution to the many problems they experience. However, they seem to know little concerning the repercussions that come as a result for instance influencing competition negatively as the case stands in the office depot 6 The change of the office depot from a traditional based to a technol ogical oriented organization explains the evident radical shift in its performance 7 Its mode of operation, structure and any other relevant information concerning the office depot was made available over the internet hence increasing its fame as well as popularity via this online strategy 8 Businesses that have tapped the vast inventions brought about by technology perform better compared to those that rely on the traditional methods for their operation. Office depot is technology oriented and hence the evident recommendable performance This essay on Office Depot’s E-Commerce Evolution was written and submitted by user Niko Bonner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Effect Divorce has on kids essays

Effect Divorce has on kids essays Does Divorce Hurt Kids? By Corliss Richards -75% to 80% of children of divorce are functioning well, with little long-term damage -Within two years of their parents' divorce, the vast majority of children are beginning to function reasonably well again. -70% of divorced parents are living happier lives than they did before divorce. -25% of children from divorced families have serious social, emotional or psychological problems, as opposed to 10% of kids from intact families. Families Changing Trends III edition. By Maureen Baker -Divorce brings about the separation of a child and a parent, usually the father Divorce commonly reduces the childs family income and sometimes erodes family assets. -Divorce can even trigger violence against the children(such as parental kidnapping) What Children learn from divorce. By Paul Amato -People who experience parental divorce while growing up face an elevated risk, in adulthood, of seeing their own marriages end in divorce. -Children whose parents divorce, compared with children whose parents remain married, have fewer -opportunities to learn positive social skills that facilitate close relationships and strengthen later marital stability. -Parental discord (in the absence of parental divorce) appeared to elevate children's thoughts of divorce, but children with discordant parents did not necessarily translate these thoughts into behavior. Following up on Children. By Mimi Avins -Kids have always faced hard times and they still grow up and do well. We don't want to make it sound like divorce is the end of the world for children. Families In Canadian Society. By Maureen Baker and Janet Dryden -Many researchers agree that the way children adjust to divorce is influenced by how their parents deal with it. -studies show that children from divorced families tend to have lower educational and socio-economic attainment. -Children of divorced parents tend to h...

Radford University Admissions and Acceptance Rate

Radford University Admissions and Acceptance Rate Radford University is a largely accessible school. Over 80 percent of applicants were admitted in 2016. Along with an application, students will need to send their official high school transcripts. Since the school is test-optional, applicants are not required to submit scores from the SAT or ACT, although they can submit them if they choose to. For complete information about applying, including important dates and deadlines, be sure to visit Radfords website, or contact a member of the admissions team. Campus visits are not required  but are encouraged for all interested applicants. Will you get in? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Radford University Acceptance Rate: 81  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Radford AdmissionsWhat SAT numbers meanBig South Conference SAT score comparisonWhat ACT numbers meanBig South Conference ACT score comparison Radford University Description Established in 1910, Radford University is a public university whose attractive red-brick Georgian-style campus is located in Radford, Virginia, a town situated southwest of Roanoke along the Blue Ridge Mountains. Students come from 41 states and 50 countries. Radford has an 18 to 1  student / faculty ratio, and the average freshman class size is 30 students. Professional fields such as business, education, communications, and nursing are among the most popular with undergraduates. Radford has an active Greek community with 28 fraternities and sororities. In athletics, the Radford Highlanders compete in the NCAA Division I  Big South Conference. Students compete in 17 varsity sports. Popular choices include tennis, softball, volleyball, basketball, soccer, golf, lacrosse, and cross country. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 9,401  (8,453 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 43  percent male / 57 percent female96 percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $10,081 (in-state); $22,162 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,405Other Expenses: $2,900Total Cost: $22,586 (in-state); $34,667 Radford University Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 79  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 47 percentLoans: 68 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $8,304Loans: $7,587 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Interdisciplinary Studies, Journalism, Nursing, Physical Education Teaching, Psychology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Retention and Graduation Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 74  percentTransfer-out Rate: 34 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 43 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 58  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Golf, Tennis, Baseball, Basketball, Soccer, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Tennis, Softball, Volleyball, Basketball, Lacrosse, Soccer, Golf If You Like Radford University, You May Also Like These Schools: James Madison University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBridgewater College: Profile  University of Virginia: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphRoanoke College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphShenandoah University: Profile  College of William Mary: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLiberty University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMarymount University: Profile  University of Mary Washington: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOld Dominion University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFerrum College: Profile  West Virginia University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Data Source: Provided by the National Center for Educational Statistics

Ismg 3000 chapter 15&16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ismg 3000 chapter 15 - Essay Example Despite the fact that blogs have passwords to restrict data access, the passwords can still be manipulated by experts so that they are able to access the stored data. For example, when the IVK Company information system failed, the competitors of the IVK Company, took advantage of the situation and wrote in their blogs about how the IVK Company had failed to upgrade its information system security. Although IVK realized this, the company employee decided to remain silent about the issue, but instead made plans of how to be upgrading the security system regularly. IVK Company employees realized that the person who had written false information about the IVK Company was a competitor and, therefore, the employees did not confront the writer. The manager promised the employees that such a problem in the information system failure would not occur in future. The Manager of the IVK Company promised to ensure that a policy on IVK Company information system was prepared as soon as possible. T he policy would specify the kind of information that the IVK Company IT system would have to store. The IVK Company learnt a lesson because, when the information system failed, competitors utilized the information stored in the information system to spread false information about the company to the public. The manager also assured the IVK employees that the company would be purchasing the latest security systems to protect the company information. This was because; cases of hacking and attacking by virus were becoming serious and a threat to the company’s information system. The manager also revealed that the company was to use the social network such as Facebook and you tube to improve collaboration within the company (Richard 445) After the IVK Company information system collapsed, Barton and Davies, had a lot of problems trying to put the system back to normal. Not only were they to put it back, but also upgrade it so that it was secure from hackers and

Political Economy of the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Political Economy of the European Union - Essay Example states, assuring the  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœfreedom of movement of people, goods, services and capital’.  It preserves a common trade policy,  agricultural and  fisheries  policies,  and a regional development policy.  Fifteen member states have implemented a common currency, the  euro. It has build up a role in  foreign policy, and represents its members in the  World Trade Organization, at  G8  summits and at the  United Nations. Twenty-one EU nations are part of  NATO. It has also taken up a responsibility in justice and home affairs, which includes the elimination of passport control between many member nations under the  Schengen Agreement. (Alan, 2007) The EU functions through a hybrid mechanism of  intergovernmentalism  and  supranationalism. In particular areas it relies on agreement among the member states. However, it also possesses supranational bodies, thus is competent to make judgments without agreement between each and every national governments. Among the prominent institutions and bodies of the EU are the  European Commission, the  European Parliament, the  Council of the European Union, the  European Council, the  European Court of Justice,  and the  European Central Bank. In every five years, the Parliament is elected by the EU citizens. Origins of the EU go back to the formation of the  European Coal and Steel Community,  formed among six countries in 1951 and the  Treaty of Rome  in 1957. Thereafter the EU has expanded in size via accession of new associate states, and in authority by adding new policy areas to its remit. (Richard, 2006) Subsequent to the  Second World War, efforts made towards European integration were viewed as a get away approach from the intense forms of nationalism, which had ravaged the continent.  The  formation of the European Coal and Steel Community was among one such attempt to bring together Europeans. While having the unassuming aim of federal control of the formerly national coal and steel industries of its member nations, it

Description of Japanese Internment Camps Essay Example for Free

Description of Japanese Internment Camps Essay Granada War Relocation Center Located in Amache (Granada) Colorado this camp had a peak population of 7,318 Japanese Americans mainly from California. This camp opened on August 24th, 1942 and closed on October 15th, 1945; within this time there were 120 deaths, and 31 volunteers to fight in the war. Conditions in this camp were primitive; there was no insulation or furniture in the barracks, and they were heated through coal-burning stoves. The Granada center became the tenth largest city in Colorado and had its own hospital, post office, schools, and stores. Gila River Out of all the Japanese internment camps the Gila River Relocation Camp was the most laidback and sympathetic to the evacuees, there was only one watchtower and the barbed-wire fences were removed early on. It was opened on July 20th, 1942 and closed on November 10th, 1945 and had a population of 13,348 at its peak. Camp administrators were so sympathetic to the thousands of Japanese Americans in this camp that they were lenient in giving them access to Phoenix and recreational activities in the surrounding areas, which was very rare. Gila River was a showplace compared to the other camps, with rougher conditions. Eleanor Roosevelt made a surprise visit in 1943 to look into allegations of special treatment to the evacuees. Heart Mountain Relocation Center Opening on August 12th, 1942; the Heart Mountain Internment in Wyoming held up to 10,767 evacuees at any point. Unlike the climate that the mostly Southern Californian Japanese-Americans were not used to the cold climate, which resulted in lots of illness and an overcrowding hospital. Dissimilar to the Gila River Relocation Camp with one watchtower, the Heart Mountain Camp had nine watchtowers with military police and searchlights. Within the camp, ran a garment factory, the produced silk would usually be made into posters for the navy and other camps. In early 1945 evacuees were allowed to return back to the West Coast with $25 and a train ticket, but by June 1945 only 2,000 people had left, It wasn’t until November 10, 1945 when the last trainload of evacuees left Heart Mountain. Jerome Internment Camp At its peak containing 8,497 Japanese Americans, Jerome Internment Camp was the shortest lasting relocation camp, only being open 634 days from October 6th, 1942 and closing June 30th, 1944. This camp in particular was very hard for the West Coast evacuees to adjust to due to rain which resulted in mud, humidity which caused mosquitos to flourish and spread malaria, there were also surrounded with snakes which contained some of the deadliest snakes in America. Jerome was also the only site to report shooting by civilians, which had happened several times at this camp. The first of the ten relocation camps to close, the Jerome Internment Camp was later used as a German POW camp until the end of the war and the remaining evacuees were sent to the Rohwer Relocation Center 30 miles away. Manzanar Relocation Center Located 5 miles south of independence California, Manzanar Relocation Center was open from March 21st, 1942 to November 21st, 1945. To help the war effort many worked at Manzanar’s camouflage netting factory, and others joined the army. The conditions of this camp were very similar to the others with no heating or furniture. Manzanar included an orphanage known as Children’s Village, for the Japanese American orphans half of who lived in Caucasian foster homes. On December 6th, 1942, the most serious of civil disturbances occurred in Manzanar, a man was charged for beating another man in his sleep and sent to jail. After this incident 1,000’s of evacuees protested for him to be released, Center director brought back the man to the camp jail, but this still angered the protesters. Administrators called for more military police because the protestors were now arming themselves with any weapons they could find. While the protestors kept pushing soldiers fired into the crowd and killed two people, and wounded 10 others. By December 1946 the camp was completely dismantled, except for several buildings. Minidoka Relocation Center The Minidoka Relocation Center opened up on August 10th, 1942 and closed on October 28th, 1945 and reached a peak population of 9,397 most of these people being from the Pacific Northwest. Unlike many of the camps, the evacuees got along with the administrators and security was somewhat lighter than other camps. But they also had their hardships, such as blinding dust storms that would cause regular sore throats and nose bleeds, and 8-9 people lived in a single room apartment. Minidoka functioned like a regular town with its own schools, block managers, hospitals, newspapers, library, and activities. Agriculture was very important in this camp with 350 acres being cleared and farmed in 1942 and 740 acres by 1944. Now it’s mainly farmland where the camp used to stand. Poston Relocation Center Located about 12 miles south of Parker Arizona, the Poston internment camp opened on May 8th, 1942 and closed November 28th, 1945, with a peak of 17,814 people from Southern California. Poston was a 71,000 acre camp and was the hottest of the 10 camps, summers would swelter at 115 degrees. The center was split into three camps Poston I, Poston II, and Poston III. The food at this camp was â€Å"inedible† to most people and they had to raise their own chickens, and fruits and vegetables to eat. Evacuees could work within and outside the camp, inside they could earn $12 to $19 a month. By fall of 1942 conditions got worse on the camp, there were food shortages, heating stoves still had yet to be installed, yet to get promised clothing and allowances. In November of 1942 a man who the people suspected to be an informer to the administration was beat and officials arrested two men who were believed to have committed the crime. When they were tried in Arizona Courthouse protesters gathered, and were later settled by freeing one of the suspects, and having the other ones trial within the camp. There is now a monument that stands where the camp used to. Rohwer Relocation Center Located 5 miles west of the Mississippi River and 30 miles south of Jerome Relocation Center, this swampy camp opened on September 18th, 1942 and closed on November 30th, 1945 with holding up to 8,475 people at one point. Farming in this camp and outside the fences was very difficult due to irregular weather, but they still managed to cultivate 85% of their vegetables. Evacuees built drainage ditches and wooden sidewalks around each block because of all of the muddy conditions. Now the land holds 24 graves, two monuments built by the evacuees, one for the Japanese Americans in the 100th battalion and the 422nd Regimental Combat Team, and the other for the 24 Japanese Americans who died at the camp. There were two newer monuments put up in 1982 for the 31 men that died in the 100th battalion and the 422nd Regimental Combat Team, and the other for the relocation center. Topaz Relocation Center Also known as the Central Utah Relocation Center then the Abraham Relocation Center, the Topaz Relocation Center was located 16 west of Delta and opened on September 11th, 1945 and close on October 31st, 1945 with a peak population of 8,130 people. Described as a â€Å"barren, sand-choked wasteland† the average summer temperatures were in the 90s. Even though evacuees had the occasional frustration flares, it was overall quite a peaceful camp. The biggest of these flares was when a guard said he had seen an Issei names James Hatsuaki Wakasa trying to escape, and had warned him, but James did not understand what he was saying, and the guard shot him. James autopsy later revealed that James was shot in the chest, so he would have had to have been facing the guard at the time of being shot. The evacuees demanded to hold the deceased funeral at the spot he was shot and that there be an investigation. The guard was found not guilty and they censored this news from the camps to avoid further strikes and rioting. Life settled down and the evacuees continues in their day to day lives with cultivating gardens, school, recreational activities, and poor living conditions such as when it snowed in October and there were still no windows on the barracks. No buildings are left on the land, but in 1976 the Japanese American Citizen League erected a large monument, and there is another monument in nearby town of Delta with directions to the camp. Tule Lake Relocation Center As the largest and most controversial relocation camp the Tule Lake Relocation center opened on May 27th, 1942 with a peak of 19,789 people mostly from northern California, Washington, and Oregon. Tule Lake was also the only camp to become high security because most of the people answered a questionnaire and answered no to â€Å"Are you willing to server in the armed forces of the United States on combat duty, wherever ordered?† and no to â€Å"Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces, and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, or any other foreign government, power, or organization?†, this showed disloyalty, and they were condemned as trouble makers. Martial Law was imposed in this camp until January 15th, 1944 after Army poised to take over because evacuees were rioting for food because there were shortages. Tule Lake was not on ly the largest and most controversial internment camp, it was also the last to close on March 28th, 1946.

The Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms Essay -- Constituton Bil

The Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms The Second Amendment to the Constitution gave United States citizens the right to bear arms. Although, the Second Amendment stated: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms. However, the framers could not foresee the type of violence we have in our cities today. Innocent citizens have and are being brutally killed due to this amendment. Stricter gun control laws must be enacted to receive these types of weapons. Background checks for gun buyers were implemented a year and a half ago, more than 4,600 people who were supposed to be prevented from buying guns bought them anyway because their background checks were not completed in time, according to ABC news. The NICS (National Instant Criminal Background Check System) is supposed to inspect the criminal, citizenship, and mental background of all gun buyers (Yahoo News). However, if authorities cannot finish the checks in three days, the buyer gets the gun by default—even if he/she is a convicted felon or illegal alien (Yahoo News). On April 20, 1999, Columbine School was terrorized by gunfire. Twelve students and one teacher was brutally slain by two seniors of the high school. According to the APB News, hundreds of people were intended to die. After the two students gunned down their classmates and teacher, they shot and killed themselves. At this time, the guns used in the shooting 2 are said to have been purchased from unlicensed dealers at gun shows, according to Yahoo News. For this reason and many others, stricter gun laws should be enacted to be able to purchase these types of weapons. In Asheville N.C., two... ...as Review-Journal. Due to the increasing amount of deaths that are caused by firearms, Congress should enact stricter gun control laws. However, they are not and more people are continuing to die on a daily basis due to that matter. Congress is continuously discussing ways of preventing convicted felons, mental patients, and illegal aliens from purchasing firearms, but do not fulfill the voters’ wishes of doing so. I feel that this is the government’s way to prevent the United States from becoming overpopulated, because they are not doing anything to stop this problem. On the other hand, if most of the United States population is killed by gunfire, then where is the tax money going to be derived from? In my opinion, there should be a way to eliminate the section of the Second Amendment that gave the citizens of the United States the right to bear arms.

Recreation, Leisure and Play Essay

The idea of leisure has been in existence for many centuries and has come to have many different meanings depending on the period in history or the civilization that it originated from. From as early as Ancient Greece, Rome or Babylonia, the term we now know as leisure has existed in some form or another. As has been widely noted in introductory recreation texts, schole was both the ancient Greek word for leisure meaning, â€Å"serious activity without the pressure of necessity† and is the root of the English word for school (Godbey, 2003). To the ancient Greeks, leisure, education, and culture were intertwined. In other words, learning was available only for the rich, people with the wealth to afford free time. Leisure, as we know it today, has changed from the original meaning of the word. From what I have read and found in various books and articles, Leisure can be defined in 3 different ways: leisure defined as a state of being or a state of mind, leisure defined as an activity, and leisure defined as time. I will discuss the various definitions of leisure today and then discuss my issues with each definition. Leisure Defined as a State of Mind Leisure defined as a state of mind is, in my mind, the least often used definition of the word. The way to understand this concept would be use it in the context such as â€Å"someone who is at leisure†; meaning freedom from anxiety, obligation, or constraint or having an internal locus of control. Locus of Control refers to an individual’s perception of main causes of events in life. More simply, having an internal locus of control means that you believe that you are the master of your own destiny. John Neulinger (1974) states: Leisure has one and only one essential criterion, and that is the condition of perceived freedom. Any activity carried out freely, without constraint or compulsion, may be considered to be leisure. â€Å"To leisure† implies being engaged in any activity as a free agent and of one’s own choice. (p. 12) Now I want you to keep in mind this idea of leisure as any activity of one’s own free willed decision because I am going to touch on it again during the leisure defined as time. Leisure Defined as an Activity Leisure defined as an activity is used widely as well. Most people would agree that leisure activity is something that is fun and enjoyable during a non-working time. This idea makes it difficult to pinpoint a leisure activity though. Understanding if the activity is performed for intrinsic or extrinsic purposes may be the deciding factor whether the activity is leisure or not. The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic properties plays an essential role in stating several interesting philosophical problems. Why am I performing this action? If you are doing the activity because you enjoy it, then you are performing it for its intrinsic value. If you do not want to participate in an activity, but you know that you will benefit from the activity, you are performing it for its extrinsic value. An example would be a person who practices on the piano because they like to play, versus a person who practices piano because they want to win a music contest. Who of the two is experiencing leisure as an activity? Most people would agree that the first person is definitely experiencing leisure as an activity. The second person is where the debate lays. It is the same exact activity as the first person, but the motivation for performing the activity is different. I feel that as long as you, as a free willed individual, choose to perform any activity then you are experiencing leisure as an activity because you are fulfilling your desires. I feel that the only time when you are may not experience leisure is when you are dying. If you have lived a long life and eventually die from old age, I do not believe that you made the decision out of free will to pass away. Although, if a person commits suicide, does that persons free willed decision make the act of dying a leisure activity? Some good questions to ask: If your career is your passion, are you always at leisure? Conversely, is a person without a job always at leisure? Musicians, professional athletes, and the homeless are all specific examples of situations that may help answer these questions. Leisure Defined as Time Leisure defined as time may be the most commonly understood meaning of the word today because of its positive connotations (Martin, 1975). People often use the word leisure and the term free time interchangeably. On the surface this definition seems fine, but as you delve deeper and ask difficult questions, it starts to become less clear. What is free time? Free time is defined as time free of obligations or responsibilities, or time to do with what you please. As Neulinger stated his definition of leisure, performing the activity out of free will is the deciding factor for whether it is leisure or not. This idea brings this thought to mind. All human beings have been blessed with the gift of free will; a consciousness of who we are and of the decisions we make. Without consciousness we would still be aware of what is going on around us, but we would react to it in a reflexive, instinctive way. With consciousness, we can deliberately weigh what the senses tell us, and respond accordingly. If this definition holds true, shouldn’t all of life be considered leisure? Every decision, every action, comes from our decisions of our own free will. If we continue with this thought, some questions arise: †¢ Are there any instances in life that would prevent you from experiencing free will? †¢ Do we always make decisions based on our desires? †¢ Do having priorities that are not in sync with our desires negate our free will? These questions came after having a conversation with my friend. She told me that when you are a parent, you have obligations to your children that may interfere with your free time. This is where the damn breaks open and it is up to the individual to decide. Her question was, â€Å"What if my needs as a parent cannot be fulfilled because I have work to make sure my kids are fed and clothed? † I feel that even though you have the responsibility as a parent to provide for your children, you made the decision to have a child knowing full well the obligations and responsibilities that would ultimately come with that decision. Free time, who would have thought two little words, would bring up so many questions? My Definition of Leisure After contemplating on the various definitions of the term leisure I propose the following: Leisure is the phenomenon experienced by all self aware beings whose decisions are based out of free will, whether those decisions are made in the conscious or subconscious mind of the individual. Recreation Recreation is any activity which is relaxing to humans or provides diversions from their normal routine, and in many ways is also a therapeutic refreshment of one’s body or mind. Any activity can potentially be a recreational one. Vacations to exotic islands, sporting events, meditation, watching television, or playing monopoly are all forms of recreation. A key factor to the activity being considered a recreational activity is whether or not it is pleasurable. If the activity is not pleasurable then the activity cannot be considered recreational because it is not rejuvenating to the body or mind. For example, a couple travels to the Caribbean for a second honeymoon. They have planned the vacation far in advance and the tickets and reservations are non-refundable. Upon arriving, the weather is awful and the couple is unable to participate in any of the activities they had planned for the trip. Even though the fact they were engaging in a commercial recreational activity, the weather prevented them from having an enjoyable time and therefore the vacation was not recreating to oneself or another. With the information provided, this vacation would not be classified as recreation. Fairchild defined recreation as â€Å"any activity pursued during leisure, either individual or collective, that is free and pleasurable, having its own immediate appeal, not impelled by a delayed reward beyond itself† (Fairchild, 1944). Another aspect of recreation was presented by Gray and Greben (1974) as: an emotional condition within an individual human being that flows from a feeling of well-being and self-satisfaction. It is characterized by feeling of mastery, achievement, exhilaration, acceptance, success, personal worth, and pleasure. It reinforces positive self-image. Recreation is a response to aesthetic experience, achievement of personal goals, or positive feedback from others. It is independent of activity, leisure, or personal acceptance. (p. 23) This definition is not focused on the activity itself, but on the individual’s reaction to the activity; the individuals state of mind. I would agree that this definition touches the heart of the subject much better. I stated earlier that any activity has the potential of being a recreational activity. This is true because it depends on how the individual feels about the activity. Most people experience pleasure during activities like exercise, sports, relaxing, and vacationing. If you think along these lines then it is easy to understand why some activities are generalized as recreational and why some are not. Although some people consider work pleasurable, most people do not love their job. This is why I believe that work is not universally accepted as recreational. My Definition of Recreation After contemplating on the various definitions of the term recreation I propose the following: Recreation is a positive state of mind achieved during any physical or non-physical activities characterized by feelings which are rejuvenating and recreating to the body and spirit. Play Leisure and recreation as I discussed them are states of mind experienced by an individual. Play, although related to these concepts, is different in the fact that it is a means to achieve this positive state of mind which all living beings desire. Play has existed since the beginning of time. Johan Huizinga (1950) described the characteristics of play as: †¢ Voluntary behavior †¢ Stepping outside of â€Å"ordinary life† †¢ Secluded and limited in time and space †¢ Not serious but absorbs the player intensely †¢ Bounded by rules †¢ Promoting formation of social groups that surround themselves with secrecy As you read the characteristics, you realize that they appear in all forms of play. Although play is a common occurrence within all ages of life, it is a concept that it liked to immaturity in today’s society. The Instinctual Aspect of Play. Play is a puzzle to scientists. Why do animals spend so much time and energy doing such silly things that seem to have no purpose? The struggle for survival in nature is deadly serious. What place is there for activities that don’t help animals eat, grow, and reproduce? Play is also very risky. Animals can break bones, pull muscles, or get bitten too hard. In a study of 14 Siberian ibexes (wild goats), more than one-third were hurt badly enough during play to cause limps-a serious concern in the race for survival. And animals can become so wrapped up in play that they are unaware of danger. One study showed that 80 percent of the deaths among young fur seals occurred because the playing pups didn’t see predators coming! (Braaf 2003,  ¶ 4) Why is play worth the risk? Many scientists believe it’s essential for survival-as important as food or sleep. Why Play? Most scientists believe that when animals play, they are practicing skills they’ll need later in life. This is why different kinds of animals play in different ways. Young predators, such as wolves, lions, and bears, play by stalking, pouncing, biting, and shaking their heads from side to side. They’re honing their skills for when they will run down, catch, and kill prey. When a wolf pup chases its own tail, bites it, and yanks it back and forth, the pup is rehearsing skills it’ll need one day as a hunter. Research shows that smarter animals spend more time playing. Elephants play more than horses. Chimps play more than macaques. Wolves play more than rabbits. And parrots play more than either ducks or sparrows. Smarter animals also play in more creative and complex ways. Not surprisingly, humans and chimpanzees are among the most playful species. (Braaf 2003,  ¶ 9) Here are three questions to start with: Why do humans play? Is play something that is learned, or is it instinctual? And what purpose does it serve in humans? To answer the first question, Godbey (2003) presents the following: If you put a person in a dark tank of water heated to same temperature as their body in a dark room devoid of sound, their need for stimulation will be so great that they will usually start to hallucinate. If you are walking down the street with nothing much absorbing your attention, you may start to notice cracks in the sidewalk and make up a game in which you have to avoid stepping on them. (p. 46) In conclusion, humans need stimulation. If the mind is idle then the person will seek out the stimulation in his or her surroundings. Whether or play is instinctual or learned, I believe that it is both. Most games that we play are learned, such as baseball, hide and seek, or even make believe games such as house. Obviously, not all forms of play are taught though. As in the example from Godbey, a person will make up a form of play if there are no other options for stimulation. Finally to understand the purpose of play in humans we must first discuss the four forms of play developed by Caillois (1958). †¢ The pursuit of vertigo in which one tries to momentarily destroy the stability of perception, escaping reality for the moment. †¢ Games of chance †¢ Make Believe †¢ Contests which require appropriate training, the application of skill, and the desire to win As in animals in the wild, play is used to hone a person’s skill for later in life. Some examples of this are interacting with other children on the playground, which will increase social skills, hitting rocks with a stick, which will increase hand-eye coordination, and cloud watching, which will develop a persons imagination. My Definition of Play After contemplating on the various definitions of the term play I propose the following: Play is voluntary behavior, bounded by rules, experienced by both human and non-human beings, which stimulates the mind and body, prepares an individual for similar future situations, and allows for personal growth within the individual. How Leisure, Recreation, and Play Relate Now that I have discussed my definitions of leisure, recreation, and play, I will explain how my definitions are related to one another. As I stated earlier, Leisure is the phenomenon experienced by all self aware beings whose decisions are based out of free will, whether those decisions are made in the conscious or subconscious mind of the individual. Life, to me, is leisure because of our ability to act out of free will. The question should not be, â€Å"Is this activity a leisure activity? †, but rather, â€Å"Is this activity considered good or bad leisure? † Recreation, I feel, is a subset of leisure. All of recreation can be considered leisure, but not the converse. Recreation is a positive state of mind achieved during any physical or non-physical activities characterized by feelings which are rejuvenating and recreating to the body and spirit. The reason that not all of leisure can be considered recreation is because not all of life is recreating to the mind and spirit. Play is a subset of recreation. Similar to leisure and Recreation, all of play is recreation, but not the converse. Play is voluntary behavior, bounded by rules, experienced by both human and non-human beings, which stimulates the mind and body, prepares an individual for similar future situations, and allows for personal growth within the individual. The main difference is that play is bounded by rules where recreation is not. Some examples of recreation that are not considered play would be meditation, reading, or watching TV. If you look at the following diagram, I think it makes it easier to understand the relationship between all three of the concepts. [pic] Leisure is all encompassing. Within it lays recreation and play. Although they are both within leisure there are still some aspects of leisure that are not considered recreation. This blue arrow points to this area. The red arrow points to the area that is recreational but does not classify as play. Quality of Life The well-being or quality of life of a person is an important concern when trying to understand leisure, recreation, and play in an individual’s life. Understanding quality of life is today particularly important in health care, where monetary measures do not readily apply. Decisions on what research or treatments to invest the most in are closely related to their effect of a patient’s quality of life. There are many components to well-being. A large part is standard of living, the amount of money and access to goods and services that a person has; these numbers are fairly easily measured. Others components like freedom, happiness, art, environmental health, and innovation are far harder to measure and are generally considered to be more important. There are two main strategies we can adopt to improve the quality of life in our everyday lives. The first is to try making external conditions match our goals. The second is to change how we experience external conditions to make them fit our goals better. Neither of the strategies is effective when used alone. Changing external conditions might seem to work at first, but if a person is not in control of his or her consciousness, the old fears or desires will soon return, reviving previous anxieties. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990, p. 89) For instance, feeling secure is an important component of happiness. The sense of security can be improved by purchasing a gun for home protection, placing security locks on the front door, having an alarm unit installed, or moving to a safer neighborhood. All of these actions would fall under making our external conditions fit our goals better. One also has to understand that perfect safety is, in all reality, not possible and risks are inevitable. Once a person understands this then the threat of insecurity will not have as great of a chance of having a person live in fear; ultimately ruining ones quality of life. In society today, wealth, status and power have become symbols of happiness. People often assume that the rich and famous have very rewarding lives just because of their status. We often assume that life would be better if we were in other peoples shoes. The reality of the situation is that quality of life does not depend directly on what others think about us or what we own, but rather how we feel about ourselves and what happens to us in our everyday lives. Some people today suffer from affluenza, the bloated, sluggish and unfulfilled feeling that results from efforts to keep up with the Joneses. It is an epidemic of stress, overwork, waste and indebtedness caused by dogged pursuit of the American Dream. In layman’s terms, affluenza is experienced when people have the mentality that their possessions is what defines them as an individual. This is not to say that having nice things, being famous, or being is peak physical condition are irrelevant to happiness. These things can be genuine blessings but only if they make us feel better without having to sacrifice other important aspects of our life. Research on happiness suggests that in general, there is a mild correlation between wealth and well-being. Given these observations, instead of worrying about how to make a million dollars or how to win friends and influence people, it seems more beneficial to find out how everyday life can be made more harmonious and more satisfying, and thus achieve by a direct route what cannot be reached through the pursuit of symbolic goals (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990, p. 91). How Leisure, Recreation and Play Affect Quality of Life Everyone is familiar with stress. We experience it in varying forms and degrees every day. In small doses, stress can actually be beneficial to us. It is only when the stress becomes too great, affecting our physical or mental functioning, that it becomes a problem. The stress response of the body is meant to protect and support us. To maintain stability or homeostasis, the body is constantly adjusting to its surroundings. When a physical or mental event threatens this equilibrium, we react to it. This process is often referred to as the â€Å"fight or flight response. † We prepare for physical action in order to confront or flee a threat. When it is part of a natural reaction to challenge or danger, the body’s response is called positive stress. However, when you feel out of control or under intense pressure, you may experience the physical, emotional, or relational symptoms brought on by negative stress. Stress can cause both physical and emotional in an individual’s life. Stress adversely affects reproduction, sexual behavior, and growth. Stress inhibits the immune system, making you more vulnerable to colds, flu, fatigue and infections. Leisure, recreation and play are natural ways to reduce negative stress that builds up in the body therefore improving ones quality of life. The human body is like any other system in nature. If we don’t have ways to vent our stress from everyday life through activities that are pleasurable, we will start to experience the negative side effects of stress. Final Thoughts My thoughts on the subject of leisure, recreation, and play before this paper could not be further from where my thoughts are now. I feel that too much emphasis is placed on unimportant things today. Society, more so than ever, has gotten into the habit of treating the symptoms of people, instead of treating the individual. I feel that having a better understanding of the concepts of recreation, leisure, and play and the role they play in your life will ultimately lead to a happier and hopefully longer life. Refrences Braaf, E. (2003). Why animals love to play. Retrieved September 20, 2006, from Find Articles Website: http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa4128/ is_200311/ai_n9307508/pg_1 Caillois, R. (1958). Man, play and games. Glencoe, IL: The Free press. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow ‘ The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York, NY. Harper and Row. Fairchild, H. (1944). Dictionary of sociology (pp. 251-252). New York, NY: Philosophical Library. Godbey, G. (2003). Leisure in your life: An exploration. State College, PA: Venture Publishing. Gray, D. and Greben, S. (1974, July). Future Perspectives. Parks and recreation, 61, 49 Hiuzinga, J. (1950). Homo ludens: A study of the play element in culture. Boston, MA: Beacon Press Martin, A. (1975, March). Leisure and our inner resources. Parks and Recreation, 69. 1-16 Neulinger, J. (1974). The psychology of leisure: Research approaches to the study of leisure. Springfield, IL: Charles Thomas Publishers.

Opinion and analysis essay on movie “Merchants of Cool” Essay

The movie, â€Å"The Merchants of Cool†, presented an in-depth look at the relationship between marketing giants and the individuality and â€Å"coolness† of teens today. I was surprised by some of the things shown in the movie; not that I was ignorant of the fierce marketing tactics used by companies to sell their product, but I was unaware of the extent that some are willing to go to. Sprite for instance, paid teenagers $50 each to come, dance, and have a good time at the launch party for its website. This party was filmed by MTV, and broadcast to millions of teens who were accordingly influenced by this new trend. To me, it seems that by attempting to discover cool trends before they flourish, with â€Å"cool hunting†, companies themselves eventually kill whatever trends they find. They are encouraging trends that may have never surfaced without intervention, and repressing others that they deemed unmarketable. The results of this craving for foreknowledge of the next trend are frequently unsavory, as is seen in the case of MTV’s ethnographic study, where researchers visited teens at their homes and attempted to analyze them as if their individuality could be synthesized and then marketed. From these studies, arose what â€Å"The Merchants of Cool† call the mook and the midriff. The mook is an extremely rude and immature character who completely disregards what others think of him and his actions. This character is portrayed by actors such as Tom Green and is seen in the show â€Å"Jackass†. The midriff is the character that media says a teenage girl should be; comfortable and extremely open with her sexuality. These â€Å"standards† that the media creates are obviously flawed. The movie also opened my eyes to a few astonishing facts, such as the fact that teens see 3,000 ads per day, 10 million by the time they’re 18. This mass exposure is obviously not beneficial, and in my opinion these media conglomerates, including companies such as Viacom and AOL Time Warner have, in a sense, taken over many teen’s lives, becoming dictators of every day in a teen’s life. These ads tell one how to dress to be cool, what kind of shampoo to use, and even what soda to drink to achieve the ultimate â€Å"cool factor†.

Using the Spanish Preposition Tras

Using the Spanish Preposition 'Tras' The Spanish preposition tras, usually meaning behind or after, isnt a particularly common preposition. In fact, you could probably get by without even using it at all, as the prepositional phrases detrs de (behind in location) and despuà ©s de (after in time) can usually be used instead. Tras is more common in writing than in speech. Even so, tras has significant use in journalese (its a shorter word to use in headlines) and in a few phrases such as uno tras otro (one after the other) and dà ­a tras dà ­a (day after day). Here are the most common meanings of tras, along with examples of its use. Tras Meaning After (In Time) Tras is sometimes used to mean after (in time), as in the following examples: Se degradà ³ la libertad de prensa tras la eleccià ³n. (Freedom of the press was diminished after the election.) El restaurante abre de nuevo tras ser cerrado. (The restaurant is opening again after being closed.) Tras Meaning In Pursuit Of Tras can also mean after (in the sense of advancing toward or being in pursuit of), as in these cases: Iba  tras  las riquezas.  (He was after riches.)   El perro salià ³Ã‚  tras  ella.  (The dog went after her.) Tras Meaning Behind It can also be used to say behind (in location), as in these examples: Tras las puertas cerradas puede haber violencia. (Behind closed doors there can be violence.) Necesita contraseà ±a para participar en las conversaciones tras la pared de proteccià ³n corporativa. (You need a password in order to participate in conversations behind the corporate firewall.) Tras- as a Prefix Tras- also is commonly used as a prefix, where it is a shortened form of trans- and often the equivalent of the English prefix trans-, as in  trascendental (transcendental), trascribir (to transcribe), trascontinental (transcontinental).

Big Bazaar one of leading Indian retail chains

Big Bazaar one of leading Indian retail chains Executive Summary Big-Bazaar is one the leading retail chain in India. This retail chain is exemplary in terms of performance. Many other business leaders have entered in this retail business seeing the success of Big-Bazaar in India. It is considered epitome of operational and efficiency excellence in India. IT is one of the most successful ventures initiated by Kishore Biyani of Future Group. With the success of this retail chain, it has expanded its branches all over the India and now they are planning to venture into a foreign land. This is the study of Big-Bazaar’s marketing plan if it will plan to enter in United Arab Emirates. Through this study we are planning to have detailed study of Big-Bazaar future plan of entry in United Arab Emirates. This Study will check the Marketing Objective, Marketing plan, Financial Plan and resource acquisition plan of Big-Bazaar with its retail chain launch in United Arab Emirates. This study will study in detail about the profit gener ation, Retail chain operational planning and its profit generation analysis. Here, we will start from where we have left last time. We did cultural analysis and enabling factors for Big-Bazaar in last Phase I project. Now in phase II project we are going in detail about the study of marketing plan and promotion mix to attract customer and to establish its trademark operational efficiency in providing superior service at rock Bottom price. Here, in this study we will take the traditional approach of making the marketing plan of Big-Bazaar. We will proceed in the following manner. First we are going to study about the marketing objective, and then we will start with the Marketing plan. This will be followed by financial plan which will detail about the financial items like product costing and financial statements including income statements. We will discuss about the promotion mix and resource requirement for the retail chain operation. Marketing Plan Introduction Marketing Plan will check how to strategize the opening of Big-Bazaar retail chain in UAE. It will also check out the advertisement, Packaging and promotion plans for this new retail chain. The detailed study will work as the starting plan for the launch of product in UAE and it will then be made to change gradually with sale increase from the expectation to the aspired. It will change with course of time depending on the success and failure of the program. We are going to study about the marketing tactics in this section. Marketing Objective Target Market Citizens of United Arab Emirates will be the target market for Big-Bazaar. Presence of lot of expatriates will be boon for the company as they have the ready visibility for this brand. For Company the basic target group will be the shoppers who are willing to spend their money economically and those who the value of their money. Therefore our target customer will be the people who are married and who belong to the middle class family. Company will al so be cashing on the presence of Indians there. (Retail Market in Middle East)

Foreign Policy Conflict Between Hamiltonians and Jeffersonians in Term Paper

Foreign Policy Conflict Between Hamiltonians and Jeffersonians in 1790's - Term Paper Example In this environment, the two positions were antithetical and their opposition extended into the darkest corner of every issue, foreign policy included. Thomas Jefferson, the most well known proponent of Anti-Federalism, along with Alexander Hamilton, the most well known proponent of Federalism, often made their views clear in letters written to friends and associates. From these first-hand accounts, historians can piece together the political divides that fragmented early American politics, placing them in context and measuring the relevance of what they had to say to today’s heated discussions. Indeed, any study of 1790s American politics will reveal a deeply polarized discourse. In fact, one historian has remarked that today’s polarized politics is â€Å"mild by historical standards† (Rawls 89). Indeed, from its inception, American democracy saw the rise of fundamentally opposed political parties, in particular the Federalists and Anti-Federals. Just from the n ames ascribed to these political groups, one can tell that their beliefs were opposites on many levels. Deeply opposed convictions spurred vicious trading of barbs between politicians and newspapers, which we highly critical of their opponents (Daniel 6). However, as historians today note, the strength and productivity of American democracy â€Å"also comes from the parties† (Rawls 95). ... Anti-Federalists strongly opposed to the Constitution, believing that it gave too much power to a central governmental institution—a federal government. The president, whom they branded as a â€Å"military king,† they believed, would become a tyrant who would rule over â€Å"the lives, the liberties, and property of every citizen of America† with â€Å"uncontrolled power† (Marshall 251). This fear was based primarily on the ideal that liberties should not be swallowed up to build a more powerful, glorious nation. In arguing for a stronger federal government, the Federalists relied on two powerful arguments in favor of the Constitution: first, that Congress had no leverage against the empires of France, Britain, and Spain because it could not regulate foreign commerce, and second, that restrictions on Congress interfered with its basic duty to provide for a national defense (Marshall 234). Both of these arguments are germane to a nation’s foreign aff airs, which places the topic of foreign affairs central to the debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists raging in the 1790s. The most visible face of Federalism in the United States during this period was Alexander Hamilton, who took part in organizing a forceful defense of the Constitution in The Federalist Papers, a collection of 85 essays designed to convince the people of New York to ratify the new Constitution. After the Federalist movement, which was intended primarily to see the Constitution ratified (which it was in 1789), the Federalist Party emerged—guided by the policies of Hamilton in the early 1790s (Berkin 208). John Adams, the second President of the United States and only President elected from the Federalist platform, took office in 1789. The election of Adams and the rising