Environmental history Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental history - Research Paper Example The big question is â€Å"Does nature cause suffering?† this is an important question because in most cases people suffer and do not know how to blame nature or literally whom to blame. The book, â€Å"The Republic of Nature,† by Mark Fiege ties together most worlds’ greatest events origins including nature as an origin of suffering. The book shows how human life has been influenced by nature in different aspects. The writer puts it in a fascinating way that nature is not fair to humans; however, the humans suffer out of their interaction with it. He speaking of slavery as part of human suffering caused by nature.1 He explains that it was brought about by humans desire to work in the cotton firms. On the other hand, slaves were made to suffer by settlers who recruited them to work in the cotton fields. Through the settler’s exploitation of nature so as to gain from it, they caused suffering.2 This shows clearly that nature is not the cause of human suffering but human activity. Robert J. Spitzer in his article â€Å"suffering caused by nature,† looks at the issue from a religious point of view. According to him, it is cheaper to comprehend why God would permit suffering to be caused by human agents than to comprehend the reason as to why he would let it occur due to natural causation. This point of thinking in some way supports the thoughts of Fiege. Robert wonders why God created such a natural order that is so imperfect, that brings about volcanos, earthquakes and tsunamis.3 What is the definition of suffering?† is an article by yahoo answers website that tries to explain about suffering caused by nature. According to the writer, nature is nature and cannot be controlled unlike humans who can choose to or not make others suffer. He explains that it is natural for a lion to kill a gazelle since it is seeking to feel its stomach, however, a man can chose whether to or not to harm another man whom stole

Analyzing Udall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing Udall - Essay Example Therefore, the positive side is portrayed after he was able to control his anger and it let it go. In addition, Archie spends most of his time in ensuring that his father’s property is well guarded and protected (Udall 196). He ensured that all operations in the ranch are running smoothly even after the death of his father. Therefore, this is an indication that he did not deserve to be put under bars or in house arrest just because of his ill thoughts. Every person has a dark side which might spoil his gains. Although his behavior is wanting, his determination to succeed cannot be washed away by just several acts which were emanating from the anger. Moreover, his attempts to see a psychiatrists, clergymen, and even hypnotists are an indication that he was ready to change. Therefore, using force to change him is not the best option. Instead, providing him with the support and constant advice is the best way to help him avoid the wrath. A hero is someone who is willing to go through tough conditions in order to achieve his objectives which seem to be unachievable by others. This is a person who is able to sacrifice his body on behalf of another person or people. Therefore, the person is subjected to torture and even jeering but he is able to overcome all these challenges and become victorious. One cannot be a hero when he does not struggle in order to achieve a specific goal. Therefore, heroism is associated with achieving something that is almost impossible to get in the eyes of other people. Heroes have compassion, internal inspirations, and are prepare to sacrifice themselves. In the Midnight raid, Roy’s father is my hero. This is because he was ready to endure harsh weather and tight security in his ex-wife compound in order to deliver the goat to his son (Udall 15). He therefore used several tricks in order to ensure that he achieves his objectives. In the past readings Brady Udall, one outstanding aspect is that of teaching the

The Imagination In Frankenstein English Literature Essay

The Imagination In Frankenstein English Literature Essay The importance of imagination in the romanticism period was all about establishing who you were as a writer. The imagination in Frankenstein is that Dr. Frankenstein created an eight foot tall monster out of miscellaneous body parts, turning mans greatest fear of death and turning it into life, trying to make a perfect man and the advancement of the human kind. As the quote The labours of men of genius, however erroneously directed, scarcely ever fail in ultimately turning to the solid advantage of mankind. (Shelley 33-34) from Frankenstein is talking about the increasing role of science during the romanticism period. During the romanticism period the role of science and technology was increasing and very important to that time period because they were coming out of the neoclassical period which was all about the ending of the Renaissance time when it was all about art, self-awareness, religion, humanism, and art. The celebration of the individual is about inspiring the achievements of the misunderstood, heroic individual outcast. The celebration of the individual in Frankenstein is about the monster that Victor Frankenstein created. No one wanted to be friends or even be around the monster, so therefore the monster became angry, bitter and lonely. The quote, All men hate the wretched; how then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us. (Shelley 81), from the monster, he is telling his creator Victor Frankenstein how hated he is by everyone and how alone he is. After the monster talks to his creator about how miserable and lonely he is, he tries to reason with Victor Frankenstein by telling Victor that he would stop his killing streak of revenge and exchange peace for a companion of like origin. The monster said to his creator, If you will c omply with my conditions, I will leave them and you at peace; but if you refuse, I will glut the maw of death, until it be satiated with the blood of your remaining friends. (Shelley 81), after the monster said this to Victor had refused the monster of any deal that the monster wanted to make, and so therefore the monster did what he said he would do and started to go after all of Victors friends and family. The romantics, which were the authors, stressed the awe of nature in art and in language and the practice of nobility through a connection with nature. The awe of nature in Frankenstein is best explained by this quote, It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my inquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in it highest sense, the physical secrets of the world. (Shelley 23), which is connecting nature through the language of that time period. The language of that time period is greatly influenced by the writers imagination, emotion, and experience. Mary Shelleys writing style was greatly influenced by her imagination and emotion more than anything else. Mary Shelleys writing style was also gothic in the sense that it when she was writing the novel Frankenstein she had put a supernatural event, which was Victor Frankenstein c reating the eight foot tall monster. The writing style of William Wordsworth is different than Mary Shelleys because his is more influenced by emotion and feelings, his poem It is a beauteous Evening (Wordsworth 281), calm and free has strong emotion of dying and death, it is an emotional piece because it is talking about the death of his daughter. The writing style of Samuel Taylor Coleridge is based on the emotion of pain and disease. In his poem Love the quote And that she nursed him in a cave; And how his madness went away, When on the yellow forest-leaves A dying man he lay;- (Coleridge 110-113) has the emotion of love and of death at the same time which is different than that of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein because the emotion of love is not used as much as the emotion of death or the gothic sense that she uses of a monster with inhuman strength. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most significant thinkers of the state of nature, like most writers during that time, they were writing the poem, short stories, novels, and essays about or relating closely to nature. Jean-Jacques writings were about nature, because he believed that humans were born naturally good, curious, and content with satisfying are basic needs; but it is or society that corrupts us to desire status, idleness, and luxuries. (Jeffrey D. Wilhelm 676) Mary Shelleys writings were about the emotion of sorrow, death, and having no to love you back. Mary Shelleys writings are different than Jean-Jacques, because Jeans writings are a little happier toned and incorporate more nature than supernatural beings, in I his writing the Confessions. I am resolved on an undertaking that has no model and will have no imitator. I want to show my fellow-men a man in all truth of nature; and this man is to be myself. (Rousseau 5) in the first two lines of the novel he is saying that I will not have a follower and I will illustrate the truth about nature for all men. As in Mary Shelleys writings are more gothic and emotionally filled with sorrow. In a fit of enthusiastic madness I created a rational creature and was bound towards him to assure, as far as was in my power, his happiness and well-being . . . I refused, and I did right in refusing, to create a companion for the first creature. He showed unparalleled malignity and selfishness in evil; he destroyed my friends . . . Miserable himself that he may render no other wretched, he ought to die. The task of his destruction was mine, but I have failed. (Shelley 193) is a great quote to explain the interest in the common man and childhood. The quote shows the natural goodness in Victor from Frankenstein, by refusing to create a companion for the creature that has killed all his friends and family. Victor did the right thing by not giving the monster what he wanted; but instead letting the monster kill the ones closet to him while he was trying to kill the monster. The novel Frankenstein is both a romantic and gothic horror novel; because the novel also is supernatural but it is also connected to nature. The Byronic hero is monster; because the monster is arrogant, emotionally conflicted, has a troubled past, self-destructive, and treated as an outcast. The monster is the Byronic hero because he is an idealized yet imperfect character; he had his flaws because he was considered an outcast among everyone else, because he was hideous and no one would show him love or happiness, so he became bitter and angry at everyone that was happy and loved. The monster killed every one of his creators friends and family, then went and killed himself because his creator had died.

Friedrich Engels Essays -- Biography Communism engels Essays

Friedrich Engels During the time of the industrial era, there were many people upset over the manner in which the nations were being run. They were upset with the idea of capitol gain and how it was affecting people’s actions. They saw this era causing people to exploit each other with the intent of monetary gain. Those that were already part of the higher ranking class, the richer, would see reason to force the lower class, the working man, to spend his life in the new factories. He would be bullied into risking life and limb at the monstrous machines while hardly earning a penny. The working man suffered because the richer man owned the factory and consumed all the profits himself. Some men, however, saw a solution as well as the problem. They thought that if the power could be taken out of the hands of the strong and power hungry, then the working class would realize the rights they had all along. The constant struggle for power would be eliminated and so society would become better . Two of these men were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marx had received all the recognition while Engels has been shunted off the pages of history. He did, however, still have an impact on the development of communism. Friedrich Engels was born on November 28, 1820 in Barmen, Germany. Engels began to learn the family business rather early, being the oldest son of an auspicious industrialist.1 Engels studied commerce and worked for his father as an office clerk from 1837 to 1841. But this was not his only focus. He also tried his hand at poetry as did his future friend Marx. Like Marx, his attempts did not gain him any recognition in the literary world. By his eighteenth year he had sworn off poetry all together. This was... ...e story of his life. Ann Arbor Paperbacks, 1962. 3. Mehring, Franz. Karl Marx: The story of his life. Ann Arbor Paperbacks, 1962. 4. Modern History Sourcebook: Friederich Engels: Industrial Manchester, 1844 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1844engels.html 5. Anderson, Thornton. Masters of Russian Marxism. New York: Appelton-Century- Crofts, 1963. 6. BIOGRAPHICAL ARTICLE ON ENGELS, Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. Vol. 6, 14th ed., Leipzig and Vienna, 1893. Translated into English by Progress Publishers 7. BIOGRAPHICAL ARTICLE ON ENGELS, Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. Vol. 6, 14th ed., Leipzig and Vienna, 1893. Translated into English by Progress Publishers 8. Marx and Engels. Reminiscences of Marx and Engels. Moscow: Foreign Lauguages Publishing House.

Periodic Table Trends Essay

When you think of a periodic table, you think of elements like oxygen, neon, lead, and iron. You may even think of numbers, rows, and columns. You may not think about trends that are happening throughout a periodic table. There are many different trends that go on in a periodic table. The trends that I am going to be describing throughout this paper are atomic mass, atomic radius, first ionization energy, and electronegativity. When you study a normal/ordinary periodic table, the atomic mass will usually get bigger when going left to right and it will also get bigger when you go top to bottom. The atomic mass gets bigger left to right and top to bottom because the protons, electrons, and neutrons are increasing making the mass get bigger as you movie along the periodic table. When you look at the trends of the atomic radius, you will notice as you go left to right, the radius gets smaller and when you go top to bottom the radius gets bigger. The radius gets bigger going top to bottom because more energy levels are becoming occupied by electrons. The radius gets smaller going left to right because you are adding more protons which pulls the electrons and it makes it become unbalanced. If you look at the trends of the first ionization energy trends on a periodic table, you will notice that as you go left to right it gets bigger, and as you go top to bottom it gets smaller. This happens because as you go to the right, you gain more protons increasing the magnetic pull making it harder to lose electrons. As you go top to bottom it gets smaller because as you go down, the electrons are farther away from the nucleus, which requires less energy than an element that has electrons closer to the nucleus. For example, Li is smaller than Cs. So if you try to take an electron from Li it will require more energy because this atom is smaller and the electrons are closer to the nucleus. When you look at a periodic table you will notice the trends of electronegativity. As you go you left to right, the electronegativity gets bigger, but when you go top to bottom it gets smaller. This trend happens because as you move right the atoms have a tendency to gain electrons in order to become more stable. It gets smaller going top to bottom because you lose energy levels putting the protons out on the outer edge and making it easier to gain electrons. Personally, I think that the periodic table that we use daily is easier to use because it makes sense, and it is organized in a neat manner. It also makes sense to me when I look at it. But, when I look at the alternative periodic table, it seems to have a few things that I like, but the way that it is organized does not really make sense to me. One way that the alternative periodic table is superior to the normal periodic table that we use daily is that it has all the sublevels in an order that is easier to understand and it also shows the way that the elements bond in each different sublevel. It also has the period number which makes it easier to read and find each sublevel and period. Two ways that the alternative periodic table is worse than the normal periodic table is that the numbers aren’t in corresponding order, they are just scattered all over the place and it is harder to see the trends because the organization is not proper compared to the organization of the normal periodic table. Also, the alternative one does not show the atomic mass for each element.

Gummy Bear Experiment

Combustion of Gummy Bears Energy is a concept.? Most definitions of the word energy fail to provide its exact meaning when applied to scientific matters.? In science the word energy is a concept that expresses two measurable properties, heat and work.? Here is the relationship of energy, heat and work: Energy Released=Work Done + Heat Released The Law of Conservation of Energy, derived from centuries of observation and measurement, indicates that energy cannot be created or destroyed. But energy need not stay in one place. Energy can be converted from one form to another and can be created in one place and show up in another. Remember that energy, in an open system, can do work on the surroundings or supply heat to the surroundings.? When we express energy as the sum of heat and work, we are making a very specific claim concerning these two properties. They are related. The relationship between heat and work is a close one, so close the amount of heat and the amount of work must be expressed with numerical values having the same units. Within limits, energy may be controlled to appear as heat (as we use electric power to dry clothes in a dryer) or work (the same electric power rotating the drum in the same dryer). Briefly, we define the amount of heat and/or work using two units, the Joule (J), and the calorie. The Joule and the calorie are related as follows: 1 cal = 4. 184J Both units represent quite small increments of energy. We must add 1 calorie of heat to increase the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius. Our bodies expend about 1J of work with a single heartbeat. For convenience sake, both the Joule and calorie are often expressed in multiples of 1000. We speak of the kilojoule (kj): 1 kJ = 1000J and the kilocalorie (kcal). 1 kcal = 1000 cal Thus we must add 4. 184 kJ of heat to raise the temperature of 100g of water 10 degrees Celsius. Chemical Reactions and the Production of Energy Heat and Work We learned the foundation of thermochemistry rests on the ability to link the amount of energy released or required to the chemical equation for the specific chemical change. We often experiment under conditions where no work is done on or by the system.? The heat, evolved or required is the change in enthalpy. We use the change in enthalpy of the fuel-consuming chemical reactions to arrive at the energy that would be available. The amount of energy available from a given amount of fuel does not vary with how slow or fast we burn the fuel such as in exercise. Enthalpy itself is a state property. All materials have enthalpy as an element of their nature. It is the change in this property through chemical processes which concerns us. The oxidation of 0. 5g of glucose yields a certain amount of energy regardless of how slow or fast the reaction takes place.? In the real world (during exercise for example), energy, work and heat, are produced in complex, changing systems. The combustion of a gummy bear shows how a compound is broken down into an element and other compounds in the presence of a catalyst or heat. An organic carbon compound will combine with oxygen to give off carbon dioxide and water. An exothermic reaction releases different forms of energy. Sugar is a fuel that we use for energy. We can also use it to fuel a chemical reaction. As we heat the Potassium Chlorate this will release O2 gas and leave KCl as it starts to decompose as follows: 2KClO3(s) ? 2KCl(s) + 3O2 (g) This produces oxygen which oxidizes the sugar (glucose) in the gummy bear. This oxidation is incredibly exothermic (-5000 kJmol-1). The reaction is: C6H12O6(s) + 6O2 (g) ? 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (g) All chemical reactions involve a change in substances and a change in energy. Neither matter nor energy is created or destroyed in a chemical reaction only changed. This experiment is a decomposition reaction a more complex substance breaks down into its more simple parts. One reactant yields 2 or more products. The presence of oxygen in the decomposition reaction is seen when heat energy is added to potassium chlorate, and its decomposition releases O2 and leaves KCl, when bubbles form. Heat is necessary in this reaction because the excess of oxygen, generated by the decomposition of potassium chlorate, will react with the glucose in a gummy bear, releasing a large amount of energy quickly and dramatically. When it comes in contact with the oxygen in the test tube some of the sucrose disintegrates and this releases heat energy. The released heat causes the potassium chlorate to release more oxygen and a positive feedback loop develops. The difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions is that endothermic reactions absorb heat, and exothermic give off heat. Dilution of ammonium chloride is an example of an endothermic reaction. This is the active ingredient in chemical ice packs you can obtain in a pharmacy. Other reactions are melting and boiling which also absorb heat to happen, although you may not consider them chemical reactions. Combustion is a typical exothermic reaction any type of burning. An exothermic reaction occurs if the energy of the bonds formed in the products are stronger (lower energy) than the bonds broken in the reactants. Endothermic reactions require heat. If there is no external source, the reaction gets the heat by cooling to a lower temperature. These reactions are driven by the change in the configuration of the atoms. If the atoms in the product molecules have a less orderly structure than the atoms in the reactants, these reactions will occur even if the cost some energy to happen. Potassium Chlorate is the oxidizing agent and when it is melted; its decomposition provides an oxygen rich environment. A gummy bear is dropped into the liquid and immediately begins to combust. The heated mixture ignites and oxidizes the sugar in the gummy bear in a violent, exothermic reaction. The gummy bear explodes because the combination of one gummy bear which is composed mostly of sucrose with molten potassium chlorate the gummy bear explodes. A surprising amount of energy is released by the reactants and in the process their atoms and molecules rapidly rearrange to form the products carbon dioxide, water and potassium chloride. The products of the reaction are H2O (vapor) and CO2. Ideally, a balanced equation would show sucrose (C12H22O11) being converted to carbon dioxide and water while the KClO3 becomes KCl. But the combustion was incomplete and carbon and or carbon monoxide were additional products. Bibliography † Endo, Exothermic Reactions and Energy. † Ask a scientist, Newton. 4 Jun 2002, Chemistry Archive, Inc. . Dr. Matt Hermes â€Å"Gatorade. † Chemical Reactions, General Chemistry Case Studies. 14 Jun 2002, Inc . â€Å"Chemistry problems. † Chemistry, The Scientific Forum. 8 Mar 2003 . R Gallagher â€Å"Chemistry Made Clear. † GCSE edition. 6 Dec 1997. .